Nā mea paʻa kila kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe

Nā Māhele Huahana

Nā Huahana i Hōʻike ʻia

Nā Mea Paʻa ʻAʻole Magnetic--kūpono no nā mīkini kikoʻī a me nā noi aerospace, e pale ana i ka hoʻopilikia magnetic i nā lako

Nā Pūliki Mea Kūikawā--e komo pū ana me ke kila kila kila loa, nā hui titanium, nā hui nickle, nā hui keleawe-nickle, nā hui cobalt, nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe a NASA AMS, a pēlā aku.

Nā mea paʻa plastik --- He māmā a kūpaʻa i ka palaho

Nā mea hoʻopaʻa o ka ʻAhahui Hoʻokaʻawale --- i hoʻohana ʻia i nā moku a me nā ʻenekinia moana

ʻO ka uea puna wai maka kūikawā kiʻekiʻe-me ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe

Nā ʻĀpana Mīkini Miomio --Ultra High Precision, hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea uila pololei, nā lako lapaʻau, nā lako semiconductor, nā mea nānā, nā lako optical a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe.

Nā Mea Paʻa Mahana Haʻahaʻa-- Paʻa Mahana Haʻahaʻa, kū'ē i ka palaho

Nā mea paʻa mahana kiʻekiʻe-- mālama i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o nā mahana kiʻekiʻe

Nā mea paʻa Alloy ikaika kiʻekiʻe -- kūpaʻa i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika Ultra-kiʻekiʻe

Nā mea hoʻopaʻa kila kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe Inconel Bolts

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Nā mea hoʻopaʻa kila kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe Inconel Bolts

ʻO nā mea paʻa kila kila kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i nā mea paʻa i hana ʻia me nā mea kila kila, nona ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā noi e pono ai ke kū i nā ukana kaumaha a me nā ʻano ʻino. ʻO nā mea paʻa kila kila kiʻekiʻe e komo pū me nā mea paʻa kila kila authentic, nā mea paʻa kila kila martensitic, nā mea paʻa kila kila ferritic, a me nā mea paʻa kila kila duplex.

Kāhea iā mā˚ou

Nā mea paʻa ikaika kiʻekiʻe o ke kila kila Austenitic

Hoʻonohonoho ʻana:Loaʻa nui ka chromium (16-26%) a me ka nickel (6-22%), ʻo nā papa maʻamau e komo pū me 304 a me 316.

Nā ʻano:Kū'ē ikaika i ka pala, ʻaʻohe magnetic, paʻakikī maikaʻi, maʻalahi ke hana, a me ka hana kuʻihao maikaʻi loa.

Nā noi:

(1) Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kila kila Austenitic (e like me 1.4310CSPFH, SUS301) i ka hana ʻana i nā lako hana meaʻai, nā lako kīhini (e like me nā pahi, nā ipuhao) a me nā lako papaʻaina, e hoʻokō ana i nā koi hoʻomaʻemaʻe papa meaʻai a emi iki ka haumia ʻana i ka meaʻai.

(2) Nā Lako Kemika a me ka Ikehu
ʻOihana kemika: Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā kīʻaha hopena, nā paipu, nā pahu mālama, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, kū i nā mea ʻino e like me nā waikawa, alkalis, a me nā paʻakai.
ʻAila a me ke kinoea kūlohelohe: ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana pale i ka pala e like me nā valves a me nā ʻau pamu, no ka laʻana, kūpono ke kila kila S20910 no nā wahi mahana kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe.

(3) Hoʻolālā Hale a me ka Hoʻonaninani
ʻAno hale: Hoʻohana ʻia no nā paia o waho, nā alahao, nā kaupaku, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻohui ia i ka nani a me ke kūpaʻa.

(4) Ka halihali
Hana ʻana i nā kaʻa: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo SUS301 no nā ʻāpana hoʻonohonoho kino, nā paipu hoʻopau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻokō ana i ka māmā a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.
Aerospace: Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea e like me S20910 no nā ʻāpana mīkini a me nā mea paʻa, e hoʻokō ana i nā koi o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe.

Nā mea hoʻopaʻa ikaika kiʻekiʻe kila kila Martensitic

Hoʻonohonoho ʻana: Loaʻa i loko ka chromium (12-18%) a me ke kalapona (0.1-1.2%), ʻo nā papa maʻamau e komo pū me 410 a me 420.

Nā ʻano: Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi o ka ʻaʻahu, akā nāwaliwali ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala, a me ka magnetic.

Nā noi:

(1) Nā mea lapaʻau a me nā mea hana ʻoki kino
Nā mea hana ʻokiʻoki: e like me ka ʻokiʻoki, nā forceps, nā pahi ʻokiʻoki, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala.

(2) Nā mea hana ʻokiʻoki ʻoihana a me nā ʻāpana mīkini
Nā mea hana meaʻai: No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ko nā mea hana kila kila martensitic Z30Cr13 i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala i ka Cl⁻ i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 420J2.

(3) Aerospace a me ka Pale Kaua
Nā ʻāpana mokulele: Hoʻohana ʻia no nā pale missile, nā ʻāpana mīkini, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻokō ai i nā koi no ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala.

Nā mea paʻa ikaika kiʻekiʻe kila kila Ferritic

Hoʻonohonoho ʻana: Loaʻa ka chromium (10.5-30%), haʻahaʻa ka nui o ke kalapona. ʻO nā papa maʻamau e komo pū me 430 a me 446.

Nā ʻano: ʻO ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka pala o ke koʻikoʻi, ka waiwai magnetic, ka ikaika waena, ka hana kuʻi maʻamau.

Nā noi:

(1) ʻOihana kaʻa
ʻŌnaehana hoʻopau: e like me nā paipu hoʻopau, nā mufflers, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana i ko lākou kūpaʻa oxidation wela kiʻekiʻe (me ka mahana hana a hiki i 800 ℃) a me ke koina hoʻonui wela haʻahaʻa.

(2) Nā mīkini hana a me nā lako kīhini
ʻO waho o ka mīkini: nā lima puka o ka pahu hau, nā pūpū umu microwave, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻokō ana i nā koi o ke kūpaʻa a me ka maʻemaʻe.

(3) Hoʻokomo pāʻoihana
Nā ipu kemika: Hoʻohana ʻia no nā uhi a i ʻole nā paipu e pale aku i ka pala. No ka laʻana, hana maikaʻi loa ka papa S32803 i nā reactors kemika.

Nā mea paʻa kila kila duplex ikaika kiʻekiʻe

Hoʻonohonoho ʻana: Loaʻa i loko ka chromium (18-28%), nickel (4.5-8%), a me ka molybdenum (2.5-4%). ʻO nā papa maʻamau e komo pū me 2205 a me 2507.

Nā ʻano: Hoʻohui i nā pono o ka austenite a me ka ferrite, me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala, a me ke kūpaʻa ikaika i ka pala koʻikoʻi a me ka pala ʻana o ka lua.

Nā noi:

(1) ʻO ka ʻoihana ʻaila a me ke kinoea kūlohelohe
Nā paipu kai a me nā lako: Hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kila duplex (e like me S31803) no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu kai, nā kiwikā a me nā kino pamu. ʻOi aku kona kūpaʻa i ka haki ʻana o ka chloride stress corrosion (Cl-SCC) ma mua o ke kila kila austenitic.
Kaiapuni kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana: Kūpono no nā lako i hoʻohana ʻia i ka unuhi ʻaila a me ke kinoea, ka mālama ʻana a me ka halihali ʻana, e like me ke anuanu no ka effluent mai nā reactors hydrogenation.

(2) Nā Lako Hana Kemika a me ka Palekana Kaiapuni
Mea hoʻololi a me ka mea hoʻololi wela: I ka hana kemika, ʻo ia nā lako i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopili me nā media acidic (e like me ka acetic acid, formic acid), a he kūpaʻa koʻikoʻi ko lākou i ka corrosion kūloko.
ʻŌnaehana desulfurization kinoea flue: Kūpaʻa i nā kaiapuni ʻino e loaʻa ana nā iona sulfur a me chloride.

(3) ʻenekinia moana
Moku a me ka Propeller: Kūpaʻa i ka pala o ka wai kai, kūpono no nā ʻāpana paepae moana a me nā paipu kaomi kiʻekiʻe no ka desalination wai kai.

(4) Kuhikuhi Hale a me ka Ikehu
ʻŌnaehana hoʻoluʻu mana nukelea: Hoʻohana ʻia ma nā hale koʻikoʻi e like me ka Blue Lock Nuclear Power Plant, kū i ka oxidation wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka corrosion stress.

Loaʻa nā mea paʻa kila kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe me nā ʻano aʻe

Hoʻolauna hana a me ka laulā hoʻolako o nā mea paʻa kila kila kiʻekiʻe
Nā ʻano		Papa	Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa Min	Ikaika Hāʻawi Min	Ka hoʻomaha ma hope o ka hoʻomaha Min	Pakeneka o ka Elongation Min	Pakeneka o ka ʻūmiʻi Min	Pae paʻakikī			Kūlana Hoʻokō	Nā ʻĀpana o ka Hoʻolako
Nā ʻano		Papa	Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa Min	Ikaika Hāʻawi Min	Ka hoʻomaha ma hope o ka hoʻomaha Min	Pakeneka o ka Elongation Min	Pakeneka o ka ʻūmiʻi Min	HW	HRC	HBW	Kūlana Hoʻokō	Nā ʻĀpana o ka Hoʻolako
Ke kila kila Austenitic	A1 A2 A3	50	500	210	0.6d			—	—	—	ISO3506/1-2020	M1——M140
		70	700	450	0.4d			—	—	—	ISO3506/1-2020	M3——M64
		80	800	600	0.3d			—	—	—	ISO3506/1-2020	M3 —— M48
	A4 A5	50	500	210	0.6d			—	—	—	ISO3506/1-2020	M1——M140
		70	700	450	0.4d			—	—	—	ISO3506/1-2020	M3——M64
		80	800	600	0.3d			—	—	—	ISO3506/1-2020	M3 —— M48
		100	1000	800	0.2d			—	—	—	ISO3506/1-2020	M6 — M16
	A8	70	700	450	0.4d			—	—	—	ISO3506/1-2020	M3——M64
		80	800	600	0.3d			—	—	—	ISO3506/1-2020	M3 —— M36
		100	1000	800	0.2d			—	—	—	ISO3506/1-2020	M6 — M16
Ke kila kila pālua	D2 D4 D6 D8	70	700	450	0.4d			—	—	—	ISO3506/1-2020	M3——M64
		80	800	600	0.3d			—	—	—	ISO3506/1-2020	M3 —— M48
		100	1000	800	0.2d			—	—	—	ISO3506/1-2020	M6 — M16
Ke kila kila Martensitic	C1	50	500	250	0.2d			155 — 220	—	147 — 209	ISO3506/1-2020	M5 —— M140
		70	700	410	0.2d			220 — 330	20 — 34	209 — 314	ISO3506/1-2020	M5 —— M140
		110	1100	820	0.2d			350 — 440	36 — 45	—	ISO3506/1-2020	M5 —— M64
	C3	80	800	640	0.2d			240 — 340	21 — 35	228 — 323	ISO3506/1-2020	M5 —— M140
	C3	120	1200	950	0.2d			380 — 480	39 — 48	—	ASTM F738M-02	M6 —— M64
	C4	50	500	250	0.2d			155 — 220	—	147 — 209	ISO3506/1-2020	M1——M140
		70	700	410	0.2d			220 — 330	20 — 34	209 — 314	ISO3506/1-2020	M3——M64
		110	1100	820	0.2d			350 — 440	36 — 45	—	ASTM F738M-02	M6 —— M64
kila kila paʻakikī	P1	90	900	700	0.2d			285 — 370	28 — 38	—	ASTM F738M-02	M6 —— M64
	XM-12	H900	1310	1170		10%	35%		40 Min		ASTM A564-2019	M5 —— M140
	XM-13	H950	1515	1415		10%	45%		45 Min		ASTM A564-2019	M5 —— M140
	XM-16	H900	1620	1515		8%	30%		47 Min		ASTM A564-2019	M5 —— M140
	XM-25	H900	1240	1170		10%	40%		39 Min		ASTM A564-2019	M5 —— M140
	S11100	H900	1700	1590		11%	43%		47 Min		ASTM A564-2019	M5 —— M140
	S17400	H900	1310	1170		10%	40%		40 Min		ASTM A564-2019	M5 —— M140
	S45503	H900	1620	1520		8%	30%		47 Min		ASTM A564-2019	M5 —— M140
	S46500	H950	1655	1515		10%	45%		47 Min		ASTM A564-2019	M5 —— M140

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Nā mea hoʻopaʻa kila kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe Inconel Bolts

Nā mea paʻa ikaika kiʻekiʻe o ke kila kila Austenitic

Nā mea hoʻopaʻa ikaika kiʻekiʻe kila kila Martensitic

Nā mea paʻa ikaika kiʻekiʻe kila kila Ferritic

Nā mea paʻa kila kila duplex ikaika kiʻekiʻe

Loaʻa nā mea paʻa kila kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe me nā ʻano aʻe

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